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<?php
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//
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// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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//
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// GNU General Public License for more details.
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/**
 * Base class for data generators component support for acceptance testing.
 *
 * @package   core
 * @category  test
 * @copyright 2012 David Monllaó
 * @license   http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
 */

defined('MOODLE_INTERNAL') || die();

use Behat\Gherkin\Node\TableNode as TableNode;
use Behat\Behat\Tester\Exception\PendingException as PendingException;

/**
 * Class to quickly create Behat test data using component data generators.
 *
 * There is a subclass of class for each component that wants to be able to
 * generate entities using the Behat step
 *     Given the following "entity types" exist:
 *       | test | data |
 *
 * For core entities, the entity type is like "courses" or "users" and
 * generating those is handled by behat_core_generator. For other components
 * the entity type is like "mod_quiz > User override" and that is handled by
 * behat_mod_quiz_generator defined in mod/quiz/tests/generator/behat_mod_quiz_generator.php.
 *
 * The types of entities that can be generated are described by the array returned
 * by the {@link get_generateable_entities()} method. The list in
 * {@link behat_core_generator} is a good (if complex) example.
 *
 * How things work is best explained with a few examples. All this is implemented
 * in the {@link generate_items()} method below, if you want to see every detail of
 * how it works.
 *
 * Simple example from behat_core_generator:
 * 'users' => [
 *     'datagenerator' => 'user',
 *     'required' => ['username'],
 * ],
 * The steps performed are:
 *
 * 1. 'datagenerator' => 'user' means that the word used in the method names below is 'user'.
 *
 * 2. Because 'required' is present, check the supplied data exists 'username' column is present
 *    in the supplied data table and if not display an error.
 *
 * 3. Then for each row in the table as an array $elementdata (array keys are column names)
 *    and process it as follows
 *
 * 4. (Not used in this example.)
 *
 * 5. If the method 'preprocess_user' exists, then call it to update $elementdata.
 *    (It does, in this case it sets the password to the username, if password was not given.)
 *
 * We then do one of 4 things:
 *
 * 6a. If there is a method 'process_user' we call it. (It doesn't for user,
 *     but there are other examples like process_enrol_user() in behat_core_generator.)
 *
 * 6b. (Not used in this example.)
 *
 * 6c. Else, if testing_data_generator::create_user exists, we call it with $elementdata. (it does.)
 *
 * 6d. If none of these three things work. an error is thrown.
 *
 * To understand the missing steps above, consider the example from behat_mod_quiz_generator:
 * 'group override' => [
 *      'datagenerator' => 'override',
 *      'required' => ['quiz', 'group'],
 *      'switchids' => ['quiz' => 'quiz', 'group' => 'groupid'],
 * ],
 * Processing is as above, except that:
 *
 * 1. Note 'datagenerator' is 'override' (not group_override). 'user override' maps to the
 *    same datagenerator. This works fine.
 *
 * 4. Because 'switchids' is present, human-readable data in the table gets converted to ids.
 *    They array key 'group' refers to a column which may be present in the table (it will be
 *    here because it is required, but it does not have to be in general). If that column
 *    is present and contains a value, then the method matching name like get_group_id() is
 *    called with the value from that column in the data table. You must implement this
 *    method. You can see several examples of this sort of method below.
 *
 *    If that method returns a group id, then $elementdata['group'] is unset and
 *    $elementdata['groupid'] is set to the result of the get_group_id() call. 'groupid' here
 *    because of the definition is 'switchids' => [..., 'group' => 'groupid'].
 *    If get_group_id() cannot find the group, it should throw a helpful exception.
 *
 *    Similarly, 'quiz' (the quiz name) is looked up with a call to get_quiz_id(). Here, the
 *    new array key set matches the old one removed. This is fine.
 *
 * 6b. We are in a plugin, so before checking whether testing_data_generator::create_override
 *     exists we first check whether mod_quiz_generator::create_override() exists. It does,
 *     and this is what gets called.
 *
 * This second example shows why the get_..._id methods for core entities are in this base
 * class, not in behat_core_generator. Plugins may need to look up the ids of
 * core entities.
 *
 * behat_core_generator is defined in lib/behat/classes/behat_core_generator.php
 * and for components, behat_..._generator is defined in tests/generator/behat_..._generator.php
 * inside the plugin. For example behat_mod_quiz_generator is defined in
 * mod/quiz/tests/generator/behat_mod_quiz_generator.php.
 *
 * @package   core
 * @category  test
 * @copyright 2012 David Monllaó
 * @license   http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
 */
abstract class behat_generator_base {

/**
     * @var string the name of the component we belong to.
     *
     * This should probably only be used to make error messages clearer.
     */
    protected $component;

/**
     * @var testing_data_generator the core data generator
     */
    protected $datagenerator;

/**
     * @var testing_data_generator the data generator for this component.
     */
    protected $componentdatagenerator;

/**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param string $component component name, to make error messages more readable.
     */
    public function __construct(string $component) {
        $this->component = $component;
    }

/**
     * Get a list of the entities that can be created for this component.
     *
     * This function must be overridden in subclasses. See class comment
     * above for a description of the data structure.
     * See {@link behat_core_generator} for an example.
     *
     * @return array entity name => information about how to generate.
     */
    protected abstract function get_creatable_entities(): array;

/**
     * Do the work to generate an entity.
     *
     * This is called by {@link behat_data_generators::the_following_entities_exist()}.
     *
     * @param string    $generatortype The name of the entity to create.
     * @param TableNode $data from the step.
     */
    public function generate_items(string $generatortype, TableNode $data) {
        // Now that we need them require the data generators.
        require_once(__DIR__ . '/../../testing/generator/lib.php');

$elements = $this->get_creatable_entities();

if (!isset($elements[$generatortype])) {
            throw new PendingException($this->name_for_errors($generatortype) .
                    ' is not a known type of entity that can be generated.');
        }
        $entityinfo = $elements[$generatortype];

$this->datagenerator = testing_util::get_data_generator();
        if ($this->component === 'core') {
            $this->componentdatagenerator = $this->datagenerator;
        } else {
            $this->componentdatagenerator = $this->datagenerator->get_plugin_generator($this->component);
        }

$generatortype = $entityinfo['datagenerator'];

foreach ($data->getHash() as $elementdata) {

// Check if all the required fields are there.
            foreach ($entityinfo['required'] as $requiredfield) {
                if (!isset($elementdata[$requiredfield])) {
                    throw new Exception($this->name_for_errors($generatortype) .
                            ' requires the field ' . $requiredfield . ' to be specified');
                }
            }

// Switch from human-friendly references to ids.
            if (!empty($entityinfo['switchids'])) {
                foreach ($entityinfo['switchids'] as $element => $field) {
                    $methodname = 'get_' . $element . '_id';

// Not all the switch fields are required, default vars will be assigned by data generators.
                    if (isset($elementdata[$element])) {
                        if (!method_exists($this, $methodname)) {
                            throw new coding_exception('The generator for ' .
                                    $this->name_for_errors($generatortype) .
                                    ' entities specifies \'switchids\' => [..., \'' . $element .
                                    '\' => \'' . $field . '\', ...] but the required method ' .
                                    $methodname . '() has not been defined in ' .
                                    get_class($this) . '.');
                        }
                        // Temp $id var to avoid problems when $element == $field.
                        $id = $this->{$methodname}($elementdata[$element]);
                        unset($elementdata[$element]);
                        $elementdata[$field] = $id;
                    }
                }
            }

// Preprocess the entities that requires a special treatment.
            if (method_exists($this, 'preprocess_' . $generatortype)) {
                $elementdata = $this->{'preprocess_' . $generatortype}($elementdata);
            }

// Creates element.
            if (method_exists($this, 'process_' . $generatortype)) {
                // Use a method on this class to do the work.
                $this->{'process_' . $generatortype}($elementdata);

} else if (method_exists($this->componentdatagenerator, 'create_' . $generatortype)) {
                // Using the component't own data generator if it exists.
                $this->componentdatagenerator->{'create_' . $generatortype}($elementdata);

} else if (method_exists($this->datagenerator, 'create_' . $generatortype)) {
                // Use a method on the core data geneator, if there is one.
                $this->datagenerator->{'create_' . $generatortype}($elementdata);

} else {
                // Give up.
                throw new PendingException($this->name_for_errors($generatortype) .
                        ' data generator is not implemented');
            }
        }
    }

/**
     * Helper for formatting error messages.
     *
     * @param string $entitytype entity type without prefix, e.g. 'frog'.
     * @return string either 'frog' for core entities, or 'mod_mymod > frog' for components.
     */
    protected function name_for_errors(string $entitytype): string {
        if ($this->component === 'core') {
            return '"' . $entitytype . '"';
        } else {
            return '"' . $this->component . ' > ' . $entitytype . '"';
        }
    }

/**
     * Gets the grade category id from the grade category fullname
     *
     * @param string $fullname the grade category name.
     * @return int corresponding id.
     */
    protected function get_gradecategory_id($fullname) {
        global $DB;

if (!$id = $DB->get_field('grade_categories', 'id', array('fullname' => $fullname))) {
            throw new Exception('The specified grade category with fullname "' . $fullname . '" does not exist');
        }
        return $id;
    }

/**
     * Gets the user id from it's username.
     * @throws Exception
     * @param string $username
     * @return int
     */
    protected function get_user_id($username) {
        global $DB;

if (!$id = $DB->get_field('user', 'id', array('username' => $username))) {
            throw new Exception('The specified user with username "' . $username . '" does not exist');
        }
        return $id;
    }

/**
     * Gets the role id from it's shortname.
     * @throws Exception
     * @param string $roleshortname
     * @return int
     */
    protected function get_role_id($roleshortname) {
        global $DB;

if (!$id = $DB->get_field('role', 'id', array('shortname' => $roleshortname))) {
            throw new Exception('The specified role with shortname "' . $roleshortname . '" does not exist');
        }

return $id;
    }

/**
     * Gets the category id from it's idnumber.
     * @throws Exception
     * @param string $idnumber
     * @return int
     */
    protected function get_category_id($idnumber) {
        global $DB;

// If no category was specified use the data generator one.
        if ($idnumber == false) {
            return null;
        }

if (!$id = $DB->get_field('course_categories', 'id', array('idnumber' => $idnumber))) {
            throw new Exception('The specified category with idnumber "' . $idnumber . '" does not exist');
        }

return $id;
    }

/**
     * Gets the course id from it's shortname.
     * @throws Exception
     * @param string $shortname
     * @return int
     */
    protected function get_course_id($shortname) {
        global $DB;

if (!$id = $DB->get_field('course', 'id', array('shortname' => $shortname))) {
            throw new Exception('The specified course with shortname "' . $shortname . '" does not exist');
        }
        return $id;
    }

/**
     * Gets the group id from it's idnumber.
     * @throws Exception
     * @param string $idnumber
     * @return int
     */
    protected function get_group_id($idnumber) {
        global $DB;

if (!$id = $DB->get_field('groups', 'id', array('idnumber' => $idnumber))) {
            throw new Exception('The specified group with idnumber "' . $idnumber . '" does not exist');
        }
        return $id;
    }

/**
     * Gets the grouping id from it's idnumber.
     * @throws Exception
     * @param string $idnumber
     * @return int
     */
    protected function get_grouping_id($idnumber) {
        global $DB;

// Do not fetch grouping ID for empty grouping idnumber.
        if (empty($idnumber)) {
            return null;
        }

if (!$id = $DB->get_field('groupings', 'id', array('idnumber' => $idnumber))) {
            throw new Exception('The specified grouping with idnumber "' . $idnumber . '" does not exist');
        }
        return $id;
    }

/**
     * Gets the cohort id from it's idnumber.
     * @throws Exception
     * @param string $idnumber
     * @return int
     */
    protected function get_cohort_id($idnumber) {
        global $DB;

if (!$id = $DB->get_field('cohort', 'id', array('idnumber' => $idnumber))) {
            throw new Exception('The specified cohort with idnumber "' . $idnumber . '" does not exist');
        }
        return $id;
    }

/**
     * Gets the outcome item id from its shortname.
     * @throws Exception
     * @param string $shortname
     * @return int
     */
    protected function get_outcome_id($shortname) {
        global $DB;

if (!$id = $DB->get_field('grade_outcomes', 'id', array('shortname' => $shortname))) {
            throw new Exception('The specified outcome with shortname "' . $shortname . '" does not exist');
        }
        return $id;
    }

/**
     * Get the id of a named scale.
     * @param string $name the name of the scale.
     * @return int the scale id.
     */
    protected function get_scale_id($name) {
        global $DB;

if (!$id = $DB->get_field('scale', 'id', array('name' => $name))) {
            throw new Exception('The specified scale with name "' . $name . '" does not exist');
        }
        return $id;
    }

/**
     * Get the id of a named question category (must be globally unique).
     * Note that 'Top' is a special value, used when setting the parent of another
     * category, meaning top-level.
     *
     * @param string $name the question category name.
     * @return int the question category id.
     */
    protected function get_questioncategory_id($name) {
        global $DB;

if ($name == 'Top') {
            return 0;
        }

if (!$id = $DB->get_field('question_categories', 'id', array('name' => $name))) {
            throw new Exception('The specified question category with name "' . $name . '" does not exist');
        }
        return $id;
    }

/**
     * Gets the internal context id from the context reference.
     *
     * The context reference changes depending on the context
     * level, it can be the system, a user, a category, a course or
     * a module.
     *
     * @throws Exception
     * @param string $levelname The context level string introduced by the test writer
     * @param string $contextref The context reference introduced by the test writer
     * @return context
     */
    protected function get_context($levelname, $contextref) {
        global $DB;

// Getting context levels and names (we will be using the English ones as it is the test site language).
        $contextlevels = context_helper::get_all_levels();
        $contextnames = array();
        foreach ($contextlevels as $level => $classname) {
            $contextnames[context_helper::get_level_name($level)] = $level;
        }

if (empty($contextnames[$levelname])) {
            throw new Exception('The specified "' . $levelname . '" context level does not exist');
        }
        $contextlevel = $contextnames[$levelname];

// Return it, we don't need to look for other internal ids.
        if ($contextlevel == CONTEXT_SYSTEM) {
            return context_system::instance();
        }

switch ($contextlevel) {

case CONTEXT_USER:
                $instanceid = $DB->get_field('user', 'id', array('username' => $contextref));
                break;

case CONTEXT_COURSECAT:
                $instanceid = $DB->get_field('course_categories', 'id', array('idnumber' => $contextref));
                break;

case CONTEXT_COURSE:
                $instanceid = $DB->get_field('course', 'id', array('shortname' => $contextref));
                break;

case CONTEXT_MODULE:
                $instanceid = $DB->get_field('course_modules', 'id', array('idnumber' => $contextref));
                break;

default:
                break;
        }

$contextclass = $contextlevels[$contextlevel];
        if (!$context = $contextclass::instance($instanceid, IGNORE_MISSING)) {
            throw new Exception('The specified "' . $contextref . '" context reference does not exist');
        }

return $context;
    }

/**
     * Gets the contact id from it's username.
     * @throws Exception
     * @param string $username
     * @return int
     */
    protected function get_contact_id($username) {
        global $DB;