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. /** * Utility helper for automated backups run through cron. * * @package core * @subpackage backup * @copyright 2010 Sam Hemelryk * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later */ defined('MOODLE_INTERNAL') || die(); /** * This class is an abstract class with methods that can be called to aid the * running of automated backups over cron. */ abstract class backup_cron_automated_helper { /** Automated backups are active and ready to run */ const STATE_OK = 0; /** Automated backups are disabled and will not be run */ const STATE_DISABLED = 1; /** Automated backups are all ready running! */ const STATE_RUNNING = 2; /** Course automated backup completed successfully */ const BACKUP_STATUS_OK = 1; /** Course automated backup errored */ const BACKUP_STATUS_ERROR = 0; /** Course automated backup never finished */ const BACKUP_STATUS_UNFINISHED = 2; /** Course automated backup was skipped */ const BACKUP_STATUS_SKIPPED = 3; /** Course automated backup had warnings */ const BACKUP_STATUS_WARNING = 4; /** Course automated backup has yet to be run */ const BACKUP_STATUS_NOTYETRUN = 5; /** Run if required by the schedule set in config. Default. **/ const RUN_ON_SCHEDULE = 0; /** Run immediately. **/ const RUN_IMMEDIATELY = 1; const AUTO_BACKUP_DISABLED = 0; const AUTO_BACKUP_ENABLED = 1; const AUTO_BACKUP_MANUAL = 2; /** Automated backup storage in course backup filearea */ const STORAGE_COURSE = 0; /** Automated backup storage in specified directory */ const STORAGE_DIRECTORY = 1; /** Automated backup storage in course backup filearea and specified directory */ const STORAGE_COURSE_AND_DIRECTORY = 2; /** * Runs the automated backups if required * * @global moodle_database $DB */ public static function run_automated_backup($rundirective = self::RUN_ON_SCHEDULE) { global $CFG, $DB; $status = true; $emailpending = false; $now = time(); $config = get_config('backup'); mtrace("Checking automated backup status",'...'); $state = backup_cron_automated_helper::get_automated_backup_state($rundirective); if ($state === backup_cron_automated_helper::STATE_DISABLED) { mtrace('INACTIVE'); return $state; } else if ($state === backup_cron_automated_helper::STATE_RUNNING) { mtrace('RUNNING'); if ($rundirective == self::RUN_IMMEDIATELY) { mtrace('Automated backups are already running. If this script is being run by cron this constitues an error. You will need to increase the time between executions within cron.'); } else { mtrace("automated backup are already running. Execution delayed"); } return $state; } else { mtrace('OK'); } backup_cron_automated_helper::set_state_running(); mtrace("Getting admin info"); $admin = get_admin(); if (!$admin) { mtrace("Error: No admin account was found"); $state = false; } if ($status) { mtrace("Checking courses"); mtrace("Skipping deleted courses", '...'); mtrace(sprintf("%d courses", backup_cron_automated_helper::remove_deleted_courses_from_schedule())); } if ($status) { mtrace('Running required automated backups...'); cron_trace_time_and_memory(); // This could take a while! core_php_time_limit::raise(); raise_memory_limit(MEMORY_EXTRA); $nextstarttime = backup_cron_automated_helper::calculate_next_automated_backup(null, $now); $showtime = "undefined"; if ($nextstarttime > 0) { $showtime = date('r', $nextstarttime); } $rs = $DB->get_recordset('course'); foreach ($rs as $course) { $backupcourse = $DB->get_record('backup_courses', array('courseid' => $course->id)); if (!$backupcourse) { $backupcourse = new stdClass; $backupcourse->courseid = $course->id; $backupcourse->laststatus = self::BACKUP_STATUS_NOTYETRUN; $DB->insert_record('backup_courses', $backupcourse); $backupcourse = $DB->get_record('backup_courses', array('courseid' => $course->id)); } // The last backup is considered as successful when OK or SKIPPED. $lastbackupwassuccessful = ($backupcourse->laststatus == self::BACKUP_STATUS_SKIPPED || $backupcourse->laststatus == self::BACKUP_STATUS_OK) && ( $backupcourse->laststarttime > 0 && $backupcourse->lastendtime > 0); // Assume that we are not skipping anything. $skipped = false; $skippedmessage = ''; // Check if we are going to be running the backup now. $shouldrunnow = (($backupcourse->nextstarttime > 0 && $backupcourse->nextstarttime < $now) || $rundirective == self::RUN_IMMEDIATELY); // If config backup_auto_skip_hidden is set to true, skip courses that are not visible. if ($shouldrunnow && $config->backup_auto_skip_hidden) { $skipped = ($config->backup_auto_skip_hidden && !$course->visible); $skippedmessage = 'Not visible'; } // If config backup_auto_skip_modif_days is set to true, skip courses // that have not been modified since the number of days defined. if ($shouldrunnow && !$skipped && $lastbackupwassuccessful && $config->backup_auto_skip_modif_days) { $timenotmodifsincedays = $now - ($config->backup_auto_skip_modif_days * DAYSECS); // Check log if there were any modifications to the course content. $logexists = self::is_course_modified($course->id, $timenotmodifsincedays); $skipped = ($course->timemodified <= $timenotmodifsincedays && !$logexists); $skippedmessage = 'Not modified in the past '.$config->backup_auto_skip_modif_days.' days'; } // If config backup_auto_skip_modif_prev is set to true, skip courses // that have not been modified since previous backup. if ($shouldrunnow && !$skipped && $lastbackupwassuccessful && $config->backup_auto_skip_modif_prev) { // Check log if there were any modifications to the course content. $logexists = self::is_course_modified($course->id, $backupcourse->laststarttime); $skipped = ($course->timemodified <= $backupcourse->laststarttime && !$logexists); $skippedmessage = 'Not modified since previous backup'; } // Check if the course is not scheduled to run right now. if (!$shouldrunnow) { $backupcourse->nextstarttime = $nextstarttime; $DB->update_record('backup_courses', $backupcourse); mtrace('Skipping ' . $course->fullname . ' (Not scheduled for backup until ' . $showtime . ')'); } else { if ($skipped) { // Must have been skipped for a reason. $backupcourse->laststatus = self::BACKUP_STATUS_SKIPPED; $backupcourse->nextstarttime = $nextstarttime; $DB->update_record('backup_courses', $backupcourse); mtrace('Skipping ' . $course->fullname . ' (' . $skippedmessage . ')'); mtrace('Backup of \'' . $course->fullname . '\' is scheduled on ' . $showtime); } else { // Backup every non-skipped courses. mtrace('Backing up '.$course->fullname.'...'); // We have to send an email because we have included at least one backup. $emailpending = true; // Only make the backup if laststatus isn't 2-UNFINISHED (uncontrolled error). if ($backupcourse->laststatus != self::BACKUP_STATUS_UNFINISHED) { // Set laststarttime. $starttime = time(); $backupcourse->laststarttime = time(); $backupcourse->laststatus = self::BACKUP_STATUS_UNFINISHED; $DB->update_record('backup_courses', $backupcourse); $backupcourse->laststatus = self::launch_automated_backup($course, $backupcourse->laststarttime, $admin->id); $backupcourse->lastendtime = time(); $backupcourse->nextstarttime = $nextstarttime; $DB->update_record('backup_courses', $backupcourse); mtrace("complete - next execution: $showtime"); } } // Remove excess backups. $removedcount = self::remove_excess_backups($course, $now); } } $rs->close(); } //Send email to admin if necessary if ($emailpending) { mtrace("Sending email to admin"); $message = ""; $count = backup_cron_automated_helper::get_backup_status_array(); $haserrors = ($count[self::BACKUP_STATUS_ERROR] != 0 || $count[self::BACKUP_STATUS_UNFINISHED] != 0); // Build the message text. // Summary. $message .= get_string('summary') . "\n"; $message .= "==================================================\n"; $message .= ' ' . get_string('courses') . ': ' . array_sum($count) . "\n"; $message .= ' ' . get_string('ok') . ': ' . $count[self::BACKUP_STATUS_OK] . "\n"; $message .= ' ' . get_string('skipped') . ': ' . $count[self::BACKUP_STATUS_SKIPPED] . "\n"; $message .= ' ' . get_string('error') . ': ' . $count[self::BACKUP_STATUS_ERROR] . "\n"; $message .= ' ' . get_string('unfinished') . ': ' . $count[self::BACKUP_STATUS_UNFINISHED] . "\n"; $message .= ' ' . get_string('warning') . ': ' . $count[self::BACKUP_STATUS_WARNING] . "\n"; $message .= ' ' . get_string('backupnotyetrun') . ': ' . $count[self::BACKUP_STATUS_NOTYETRUN]."\n\n"; //Reference if ($haserrors) { $message .= " ".get_string('backupfailed')."\n\n"; $dest_url = "$CFG->wwwroot/report/backups/index.php"; $message .= " ".get_string('backuptakealook','',$dest_url)."\n\n"; //Set message priority $admin->priority = 1; //Reset unfinished to error $DB->set_field('backup_courses','laststatus','0', array('laststatus'=>'2')); } else { $message .= " ".get_string('backupfinished')."\n"; } //Build the message subject $site = get_site(); $prefix = format_string($site->shortname, true, array('context' => context_course::instance(SITEID))).": "; if ($haserrors) { $prefix .= "[".strtoupper(get_string('error'))."] "; } $subject = $prefix.get_string('automatedbackupstatus', 'backup'); //Send the message $eventdata = new \core\message\message(); $eventdata->courseid = SITEID; $eventdata->modulename = 'moodle'; $eventdata->userfrom = $admin; $eventdata->userto = $admin; $eventdata->subject = $subject; $eventdata->fullmessage = $message; $eventdata->fullmessageformat = FORMAT_PLAIN; $eventdata->fullmessagehtml = ''; $eventdata->smallmessage = ''; $eventdata->component = 'moodle'; $eventdata->name = 'backup'; message_send($eventdata); } //Everything is finished stop backup_auto_running backup_cron_automated_helper::set_state_running(false); mtrace('Automated backups complete.'); return $status; } /** * Gets the results from the last automated backup that was run based upon * the statuses of the courses that were looked at. * * @global moodle_database $DB * @return array */ public static function get_backup_status_array() { global $DB; $result = array( self::BACKUP_STATUS_ERROR => 0, self::BACKUP_STATUS_OK => 0, self::BACKUP_STATUS_UNFINISHED => 0, self::BACKUP_STATUS_SKIPPED => 0, self::BACKUP_STATUS_WARNING => 0, self::BACKUP_STATUS_NOTYETRUN => 0 ); $statuses = $DB->get_records_sql('SELECT DISTINCT bc.laststatus, COUNT(bc.courseid) AS statuscount FROM {backup_courses} bc GROUP BY bc.laststatus'); foreach ($statuses as $status) { if (empty($status->statuscount)) { $status->statuscount = 0; } $result[(int)$status->laststatus] += $status->statuscount; } return $result; } /** * Works out the next time the automated backup should be run. * * @param mixed $ignoredtimezone all settings are in server timezone! * @param int $now timestamp, should not be in the past, most likely time() * @return int timestamp of the next execution at server time */ public static function calculate_next_automated_backup($ignoredtimezone, $now) { $config = get_config('backup'); $backuptime = new DateTime('@' . $now); $backuptime->setTimezone(core_date::get_server_timezone_object()); $backuptime->setTime($config->backup_auto_hour, $config->backup_auto_minute); while ($backuptime->getTimestamp() < $now) { $backuptime->add(new DateInterval('P1D')); } // Get number of days from backup date to execute backups. $automateddays = substr($config->backup_auto_weekdays, $backuptime->format('w')) . $config->backup_auto_weekdays; $daysfromnow = strpos($automateddays, "1"); // Error, there are no days to schedule the backup for. if ($daysfromnow === false) { return 0; } if ($daysfromnow > 0) { $backuptime->add(new DateInterval('P' . $daysfromnow . 'D')); } return $backuptime->getTimestamp(); } /** * Launches a automated backup routine for the given course * * @param stdClass $course * @param int $starttime * @param int $userid * @return bool */ public static function launch_automated_backup($course, $starttime, $userid) { $outcome = self::BACKUP_STATUS_OK; $config = get_config('backup'); $dir = $config->backup_auto_destination; $storage = (int)$config->backup_auto_storage; $bc = new backup_controller(backup::TYPE_1COURSE, $course->id, backup::FORMAT_MOODLE, backup::INTERACTIVE_NO, backup::MODE_AUTOMATED, $userid); try { // Set the default filename. $format = $bc->get_format(); $type = $bc->get_type(); $id = $bc->get_id(); $users = $bc->get_plan()->get_setting('users')->get_value(); $anonymised = $bc->get_plan()->get_setting('anonymize')->get_value(); $bc->get_plan()->get_setting('filename')->set_value(backup_plan_dbops::get_default_backup_filename($format, $type, $id, $users, $anonymised)); $bc->set_status(backup::STATUS_AWAITING); $bc->execute_plan(); $results = $bc->get_results(); $outcome = self::outcome_from_results($results); $file = $results['backup_destination']; // May be empty if file already moved to target location. // If we need to copy the backup file to an external dir and it is not writable, change status to error. // This is a feature to prevent moodledata to be filled up and break a site when the admin misconfigured // the automated backups storage type and destination directory. if ($storage !== 0 && (empty($dir) || !file_exists($dir) || !is_dir($dir) || !is_writable($dir))) { $bc->log('Specified backup directory is not writable - ', backup::LOG_ERROR, $dir); $dir = null; $outcome = self::BACKUP_STATUS_ERROR; } // Copy file only if there was no error. if ($file && !empty($dir) && $storage !== 0 && $outcome != self::BACKUP_STATUS_ERROR) { $filename = backup_plan_dbops::get_default_backup_filename($format, $type, $course->id, $users, $anonymised, !$config->backup_shortname); if (!$file->copy_content_to($dir.'/'.$filename)) { $bc->log('Attempt to copy backup file to the specified directory failed - ', backup::LOG_ERROR, $dir); $outcome = self::BACKUP_STATUS_ERROR; } if ($outcome != self::BACKUP_STATUS_ERROR && $storage === 1) { if (!$file->delete()) { $outcome = self::BACKUP_STATUS_WARNING; $bc->log('Attempt to delete the backup file from course automated backup area failed - ', backup::LOG_WARNING, $file->get_filename()); } } } } catch (moodle_exception $e) { $bc->log('backup_auto_failed_on_course', backup::LOG_ERROR, $course->shortname); // Log error header. $bc->log('Exception: ' . $e->errorcode, backup::LOG_ERROR, $e->a, 1); // Log original exception problem. $bc->log('Debug: ' . $e->debuginfo, backup::LOG_DEBUG, null, 1); // Log original debug information. $outcome = self::BACKUP_STATUS_ERROR; } // Delete the backup file immediately if something went wrong. if ($outcome === self::BACKUP_STATUS_ERROR) { // Delete the file from file area if exists. if (!empty($file)) { $file->delete(); } // Delete file from external storage if exists. if ($storage !== 0 && !empty($filename) && file_exists($dir.'/'.$filename)) { @unlink($dir.'/'.$filename); } } $bc->destroy(); unset($bc); return $outcome; } /** * Returns the backup outcome by analysing its results. * * @param array $results returned by a backup * @return int {@link self::BACKUP_STATUS_OK} and other constants */ public static function outcome_from_results($results) { $outcome = self::BACKUP_STATUS_OK; foreach ($results as $code => $value) { // Each possible error and warning code has to be specified in this switch // which basically analyses the results to return the correct backup status. switch ($code) { case 'missing_files_in_pool': $outcome = self::BACKUP_STATUS_WARNING; break; } // If we found the highest error level, we exit the loop. if ($outcome == self::BACKUP_STATUS_ERROR) { break; } } return $outcome; } /** * Removes deleted courses fromn the backup_courses table so that we don't * waste time backing them up. * * @global moodle_database $DB * @return int */ public static function remove_deleted_courses_from_schedule() { global $DB; $skipped = 0; $sql = "SELECT bc.courseid FROM {backup_courses} bc WHERE bc.courseid NOT IN (SELECT c.id FROM {course} c)"; $rs = $DB->get_recordset_sql($sql); foreach ($rs as $deletedcourse) { //Doesn't exist, so delete from backup tables $DB->delete_records('backup_courses', array('courseid'=>$deletedcourse->courseid)); $skipped++; } $rs->close(); return $skipped; } /** * Gets the state of the automated backup system. * * @global moodle_database $DB * @return int One of self::STATE_* */ public static function get_automated_backup_state($rundirective = self::RUN_ON_SCHEDULE) { global $DB; $config = get_config('backup'); $active = (int)$config->backup_auto_active; $weekdays = (string)$config->backup_auto_weekdays; // In case of automated backup also check that it is scheduled for at least one weekday. if ($active === self::AUTO_BACKUP_DISABLED || ($rundirective == self::RUN_ON_SCHEDULE && $active === self::AUTO_BACKUP_MANUAL) || ($rundirective == self::RUN_ON_SCHEDULE && strpos($weekdays, '1') === false)) { return self::STATE_DISABLED; } else if (!empty($config->backup_auto_running)) { // Detect if the backup_auto_running semaphore is a valid one // by looking for recent activity in the backup_controllers table // for backups of type backup::MODE_AUTOMATED $timetosee = 60 * 90; // Time to consider in order to clean the semaphore $params = array( 'purpose' => backup::MODE_AUTOMATED, 'timetolook' => (time() - $timetosee)); if ($DB->record_exists_select('backup_controllers', "operation = 'backup' AND type = 'course' AND purpose = :purpose AND timemodified > :timetolook", $params)) { return self::STATE_RUNNING; // Recent activity found, still running } else { // No recent activity found, let's clean the semaphore mtrace('Automated backups activity not found in last ' . (int)$timetosee/60 . ' minutes. Cleaning running status'); backup_cron_automated_helper::set_state_running(false); } } return self::STATE_OK; } /** * Sets the state of the automated backup system. * * @param bool $running * @return bool */ public static function set_state_running($running = true) { if ($running === true) { if (self::get_automated_backup_state() === self::STATE_RUNNING) { throw new backup_helper_exception('backup_automated_already_running'); } set_config('backup_auto_running', '1', 'backup'); } else { unset_config('backup_auto_running', 'backup'); } return true; } /** * Removes excess backups from a specified course. * * @param stdClass $course Course object * @param int $now Starting time of the process * @return bool Whether or not backups is being removed */ public static function remove_excess_backups($course, $now = null) { $config = get_config('backup'); $maxkept = (int)$config->backup_auto_max_kept; $storage = $config->backup_auto_storage; $deletedays = (int)$config->backup_auto_delete_days; if ($maxkept == 0 && $deletedays == 0) { // Means keep all backup files and never delete backup after x days. return true; } if (!isset($now)) { $now = time(); } // Clean up excess backups in the course backup filearea. $deletedcoursebackups = false; if ($storage == self::STORAGE_COURSE || $storage == self::STORAGE_COURSE_AND_DIRECTORY) { $deletedcoursebackups = self::remove_excess_backups_from_course($course, $now); } // Clean up excess backups in the specified external directory. $deleteddirectorybackups = false; if ($storage == self::STORAGE_DIRECTORY || $storage == self::STORAGE_COURSE_AND_DIRECTORY) { $deleteddirectorybackups = self::remove_excess_backups_from_directory($course, $now); } if ($deletedcoursebackups || $deleteddirectorybackups) { return true; } else { return false; } } /** * Removes excess backups in the course backup filearea from a specified course. * * @param stdClass $course Course object * @param int $now Starting time of the process * @return bool Whether or not backups are being removed */ protected static function remove_excess_backups_from_course($course, $now) { $fs = get_file_storage(); $context = context_course::instance($course->id); $component = 'backup'; $filearea = 'automated'; $itemid = 0; $backupfiles = array(); $backupfilesarea = $fs->get_area_files($context->id, $component, $filearea, $itemid, 'timemodified DESC', false); // Store all the matching files into timemodified => stored_file array. foreach ($backupfilesarea as $backupfile) { $backupfiles[$backupfile->get_timemodified()] = $backupfile; } $backupstodelete = self::get_backups_to_delete($backupfiles, $now); if ($backupstodelete) { foreach ($backupstodelete as $backuptodelete) { $backuptodelete->delete(); } mtrace('Deleted ' . count($backupstodelete) . ' old backup file(s) from the automated filearea'); return true; } else { return false; } } /** * Removes excess backups in the specified external directory from a specified course. * * @param stdClass $course Course object * @param int $now Starting time of the process * @return bool Whether or not backups are being removed */ protected static function remove_excess_backups_from_directory($course, $now) { $config = get_config('backup'); $dir = $config->backup_auto_destination; $isnotvaliddir = !file_exists($dir) || !is_dir($dir) || !is_writable($dir); if ($isnotvaliddir) { mtrace('Error: ' . $dir . ' does not appear to be a valid directory'); return false; } // Calculate backup filename regex, ignoring the date/time/info parts that can be // variable, depending of languages, formats and automated backup settings. $filename = backup::FORMAT_MOODLE . '-' . backup::TYPE_1COURSE . '-' . $course->id . '-'; $regex = '#' . preg_quote($filename, '#') . '.*\.mbz$#'; // Store all the matching files into filename => timemodified array. $backupfiles = array(); foreach (scandir($dir) as $backupfile) { // Skip files not matching the naming convention. if (!preg_match($regex, $backupfile)) { continue; } // Read the information contained in the backup itself. try { $bcinfo = backup_general_helper::get_backup_information_from_mbz($dir . '/' . $backupfile); } catch (backup_helper_exception $e) { mtrace('Error: ' . $backupfile . ' does not appear to be a valid backup (' . $e->errorcode . ')'); continue; } // Make sure this backup concerns the course and site we are looking for. if ($bcinfo->format === backup::FORMAT_MOODLE && $bcinfo->type === backup::TYPE_1COURSE && $bcinfo->original_course_id == $course->id && backup_general_helper::backup_is_samesite($bcinfo)) { $backupfiles[$bcinfo->backup_date] = $backupfile; } } $backupstodelete = self::get_backups_to_delete($backupfiles, $now); if ($backupstodelete) { foreach ($backupstodelete as $backuptodelete) { unlink($dir . '/' . $backuptodelete); } mtrace('Deleted ' . count($backupstodelete) . ' old backup file(s) from external directory'); return true; } else { return false; } } /** * Get the list of backup files to delete depending on the automated backup settings. * * @param array $backupfiles Existing backup files * @param int $now Starting time of the process * @return array Backup files to delete */ protected static function get_backups_to_delete($backupfiles, $now) { $config = get_config('backup'); $maxkept = (int)$config->backup_auto_max_kept; $deletedays = (int)$config->backup_auto_delete_days; $minkept = (int)$config->backup_auto_min_kept; // Sort by keys descending (newer to older filemodified). krsort($backupfiles); $tokeep = $maxkept; if ($deletedays > 0) { $deletedayssecs = $deletedays * DAYSECS; $tokeep = 0; $backupfileskeys = array_keys($backupfiles); foreach ($backupfileskeys as $timemodified) { $mustdeletebackup = $timemodified < ($now - $deletedayssecs); if ($mustdeletebackup || $tokeep >= $maxkept) { break; } $tokeep++; } if ($tokeep < $minkept) { $tokeep = $minkept; } } if (count($backupfiles) <= $tokeep) { // There are less or equal matching files than the desired number to keep, there is nothing to clean up. return false; } else { $backupstodelete = array_splice($backupfiles, $tokeep); return $backupstodelete; } } /** * Check logs to find out if a course was modified since the given time. * * @param int $courseid course id to check * @param int $since timestamp, from which to check * * @return bool true if the course was modified, false otherwise. This also returns false if no readers are enabled. This is * intentional, since we cannot reliably determine if any modification was made or not. */ protected static function is_course_modified($courseid, $since) { $logmang = get_log_manager(); $readers = $logmang->get_readers('core\log\sql_reader'); $params = array('courseid' => $courseid, 'since' => $since); foreach ($readers as $readerpluginname => $reader) { $where = "courseid = :courseid and timecreated > :since and crud <> 'r'"; // Prevent logs of prevous backups causing a false positive. if ($readerpluginname != 'logstore_legacy') { $where .= " and target <> 'course_backup'"; } if ($reader->get_events_select_count($where, $params)) { return true; } } return false; } }