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*/ namespace Wamania\Snowball\Stemmer; use voku\helper\UTF8; /** * Finnish Snowball Stemmer. * * @link http://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/finnish/stemmer.html * @author msaari */ class Finnish extends Stem { /** * All swedish vowels */ protected static $vowels = array('a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'y', 'ä', 'ö'); protected static $consonants = array('b', 'c', 'd', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'z'); protected static $restrictedVowels = array('a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'ä', 'ö'); /** * Long restricted vowels, ie. doubled vowels. */ protected static $longVowels = array('aa', 'ee', 'ii', 'oo', 'uu', 'ää', 'öö'); private $_removedInStep3 = false; /** * {@inheritdoc} */ public function stem($word) { // we do ALL in UTF-8 if (! UTF8::is_utf8($word)) { throw new \Exception('Word must be in UTF-8'); } $this->word = Utf8::strtolower($word); // R1 and R2 are then defined in the usual way $this->r1(); $this->r2(); // Do each of steps 1, 2 3, 4, 5 and 6. $this->step1(); $this->step2(); $this->step3(); $this->step4(); $this->step5(); $this->step6(); return $this->word; } /** * Step 1 * * Search for the longest among the following suffixes in R1, and perform * the action indicated. * * @return boolean True when something is done. */ private function step1() { // (a) kin kaan kään ko kö han hän pa pä // delete if preceded by n, t or a vowel if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('kaan', 'kään', 'kin', 'han', 'hän', 'ko', 'kö', 'pa', 'pä'))) !== false) { $lastLetter = Utf8::substr($this->word, ($position-1), 1); if (in_array($lastLetter, array_merge(['t', 'n'], self::$vowels))) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); $this->r1(); $this->r2(); } return true; } // sti // delete if in R2 if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('sti'))) !== false) { if ($this->inR2($position)) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); $this->r1(); $this->r2(); } return true; } } /** * Step 2: possessives. * * Search for the longest among the following suffixes in R1, and perform * the action indicated. * * @return boolean True when something is done. */ private function step2() { // si // delete if not preceded by k if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('si'))) !== false) { $lastLetter = Utf8::substr($this->word, ($position-1), 1); if ($lastLetter !== 'k') { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); $this->r1(); $this->r2(); return true; } } // ni // delete if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('ni'))) !== false) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); // if preceded by kse, replace with ksi if ( ($position = $this->search(array('kse'))) !== false) { $this->word = preg_replace('#(kse)$#u', 'ksi', $this->word); } $this->r1(); $this->r2(); return true; } // nsa nsä mme nne // delete if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('nsa', 'nsä', 'mme', 'nne'))) !== false) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); $this->r1(); $this->r2(); return true; } // an // delete if preceded by one of ta ssa sta lla lta na if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('an'))) !== false) { $word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); $lastThreeLetters = Utf8::substr($word, -3, 3); $lastTwoLetters = Utf8::substr($word, -2, 2); if (in_array($lastThreeLetters, array('ssa', 'sta', 'lla', 'lta'), true) || in_array($lastTwoLetters, array('na', 'ta'), true)) { $this->word = $word; $this->r1(); $this->r2(); return true; } } // än // delete if preceded by one of tä ssä stä llä ltä nä if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('än'))) !== false) { $word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); $lastThreeLetters = Utf8::substr($word, -3, 3); $lastTwoLetters = Utf8::substr($word, -2, 2); if (in_array($lastThreeLetters, array('ssä', 'stä', 'llä', 'ltä'), true) || in_array($lastTwoLetters, array('nä', 'tä'), true)) { $this->word = $word; $this->r1(); $this->r2(); return true; } } // en // delete if preceded by one of lle ine if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('en'))) !== false) { $word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); if (Utf8::strlen($this->word) > 4) { $lastThreeLetters = Utf8::substr($this->word, -5, 3); if (in_array($lastThreeLetters, array('lle', 'ine'), true)) { $this->word = $word; $this->r1(); $this->r2(); return true; } } } } /** * Step 3: cases * * Search for the longest among the following suffixes in R1, and perform * the action indicated. * * @return boolean True when something is done. */ private function step3() { // hXn // delete if preceded by X, where X is a V other than u (a/han, e/hen etc) foreach (self::$restrictedVowels as $vowel) { if ($vowel === 'u') { continue; } if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('h' . $vowel . 'n'))) !== false) { $lastLetter = Utf8::substr($this->word, $position-1, 1); if ($lastLetter === $vowel) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); $this->_removedInStep3 = true; $this->r1(); $this->r2(); } return true; } } // siin den tten // delete if preceded by Vi if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('siin', 'den', 'tten'))) !== false) { $lastLetter = Utf8::substr($this->word, ($position-1), 1); if ($lastLetter === 'i') { $nextLastLetter = Utf8::substr($this->word, ($position-2), 1); if (in_array($nextLastLetter, self::$restrictedVowels, true)) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); $this->_removedInStep3 = true; $this->r1(); $this->r2(); return true; } } } // seen // delete if preceded by LV if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('seen'))) !== false) { $lastLetters = Utf8::substr($this->word, ($position-2), 2); if (in_array($lastLetters, self::$longVowels, true)) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); $this->_removedInStep3 = true; $this->r1(); $this->r2(); return true; } } // tta ttä // delete if preceded by e if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('tta', 'ttä'))) !== false) { $lastLetter = Utf8::substr($this->word, ($position-1), 1); if ($lastLetter === 'e') { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); $this->_removedInStep3 = true; $this->r1(); $this->r2(); return true; } } // ta tä ssa ssä sta stä lla llä lta ltä lle na nä ksi ine // delete if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('ssa', 'ssä', 'sta', 'stä', 'lla', 'llä', 'lta', 'ltä', 'lle', 'ksi', 'na', 'nä', 'ine', 'ta', 'tä'))) !== false) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); $this->_removedInStep3 = true; $this->r1(); $this->r2(); return true; } // a ä // delete if preceded by cv if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('a', 'ä'))) !== false) { $lastLetter = Utf8::substr($this->word, ($position-1), 1); $nextLastLetter = Utf8::substr($this->word, ($position-2), 1); if (in_array($lastLetter, self::$vowels, true) && in_array($nextLastLetter, self::$consonants, true)) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); $this->_removedInStep3 = true; $this->r1(); $this->r2(); return true; } } // n // delete, and if preceded by LV or ie, delete the last vowel if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('n'))) !== false) { $lastLetters = Utf8::substr($this->word, ($position-2), 2); if (in_array($lastLetters, self::$longVowels, true) || $lastLetters === 'ie') { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position-1); } else { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); } $this->r1(); $this->r2(); $this->_removedInStep3 = true; return true; } } /** * Step 4: other endings * * Search for the longest among the following suffixes in R2, and perform * the action indicated * * @return boolean True when something is done. */ private function step4() { // mpi mpa mpä mmi mma mmä // delete if not preceded by po if (($position = $this->searchIfInR2(array('mpi', 'mpa', 'mpä', 'mmi', 'mma', 'mmä'))) !== false) { $lastLetters = Utf8::substr($this->word, ($position-2), 2); if ($lastLetters !== 'po') { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); $this->r1(); $this->r2(); return true; } } // impi impa impä immi imma immä eja ejä // delete if (($position = $this->searchIfInR2(array('impi', 'impa', 'impä', 'immi', 'imma', 'immä', 'eja', 'ejä'))) !== false) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); $this->r1(); $this->r2(); return true; } } /** * Step 5: plurals * If an ending was removed in step 3, delete a final i or j if in R1; * otherwise, * if an ending was not removed in step 3, delete a final t in R1 if it * follows a vowel, and, if a t is removed, delete a final mma or imma in * R2, unless the mma is preceded by po. * * @return boolean True when something is done. */ private function step5() { if ($this->_removedInStep3) { if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('i', 'j'))) !== false) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); $this->r1(); $this->r2(); return true; } } else { if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(array('t'))) !== false) { $lastLetter = Utf8::substr($this->word, ($position-1), 1); if (in_array($lastLetter, self::$vowels, true)) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position); $this->r1(); $this->r2(); if (($position2 = $this->searchIfInR2(array('imma'))) !== false) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position2); $this->r1(); $this->r2(); return true; } elseif (($position2 = $this->searchIfInR2(array('mma'))) !== false) { $lastLetters = Utf8::substr($this->word, ($position2-2), 2); if ($lastLetters !== 'po') { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position2); $this->r1(); $this->r2(); return true; } } } } } } /** * Step 6: tidying up * * Do in turn steps (a), (b), (c), (d), restricting all tests to the * region R1. */ private function step6() { // a) If R1 ends LV // delete the last letter if (($position = $this->searchIfInR1(self::$longVowels)) !== false) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $position+1); $this->r1(); $this->r2(); } // b) If R1 ends cX, c a consonant and X one of a ä e i, // delete the last letter $lastLetter = Utf8::substr($this->r1, -1, 1); $secondToLastLetter = Utf8::substr($this->r1, -2, 1); if (in_array($secondToLastLetter, self::$consonants, true) && in_array($lastLetter, array('a', 'e', 'i', 'ä'))) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, -1); $this->r1(); $this->r2(); } // c) If R1 ends oj or uj // delete the last letter $twoLastLetters = Utf8::substr($this->r1, -2, 2); if (in_array($twoLastLetters, array('oj', 'uj'))) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, -1); $this->r1(); $this->r2(); } // d) If R1 ends jo // delete the last letter $twoLastLetters = Utf8::substr($this->r1, -2, 2); if ($twoLastLetters === 'jo') { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, -1); $this->r1(); $this->r2(); } // e) If the word ends with a double consonant followed by zero or more // vowels, remove the last consonant (so eläkk -> eläk, // aatonaatto -> aatonaato) $endVowels = ''; for ($i = Utf8::strlen($this->word) - 1; $i > 0; $i--) { $letter = Utf8::substr($this->word, $i, 1); if (in_array($letter, self::$vowels, true)) { $endVowels = $letter . $endVowels; } else { // check for double consonant $prevLetter = Utf8::substr($this->word, $i-1, 1); if ($prevLetter === $letter) { $this->word = Utf8::substr($this->word, 0, $i) . $endVowels; } break; } } } }